- Definition, Examples & Types, What is Chain Migration? This shift in population characteristics as a country industrialized can be represented by the demographic transition model (DTM) (see Figure 1.13). It is perceived to exist as a result of religious and ethnic characteristics, but people wouldn’t necessarily agree on which countries to include. It provides a blog engine and a framework for Web application development. Children are no longer needed to assist with family farms, and urban areas might not have large enough homes for big families. Example: The American adoption of the Mexican holiday, Cinco de Mayo. Globally, we can apply the hinterland-city model to an understanding of a global core and a global periphery (see Figure 1.6). In one paragraph, define cultural syncretism in your own words. As a country develops and industrializes, it generally becomes more urbanized. This model demonstrates the changes in birth rates, death rates, and population growth over time as a country develops. Geographers seek to answer both the “where” and the “why.” Simply knowing where a country is located is certainly helpful, but geographers dig deeper: why is it located there? Their architecture featured Greek columns and Etruscan arches along with Roman inventions like concrete. Gross national income (GNI) is a way to measure a country’s economic activity that includes all the goods and services produced in a country (GDP) as well as income received from overseas. You might be a physical geographer who studies hurricanes, but your research includes the human impact from these events. Eratosthenes is also credited as the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth. The hinterland is more sparsely populated than the core and is often where goods sold in the core are manufactured. The core countries can take advantage of globalization, choosing from a variety of trading partners and suppliers of raw materials, but the same cannot always be said of those in the periphery. All countries contain core areas and hinterlands. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal Topography refers to the study of the shape and features of the surface of the Earth. Create a detailed list of three examples of cultural syncretism. the location of a place relative to other places, references an exact point on Earth and commonly uses specific coordinates like latitude and longitude, imaginary lines that run laterally, parallel to the equator, around the earth and measure distances north or south of the equator, imaginary lines that circle the earth and converge at the poles, measuring distances east and west of the equator, also referred to as geographic information systems, or GIS; a program that uses computers and satellite imagery to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial data, changes that occur in area, shape, distance, and/or direction when representing a spherical Earth on the flat surface of a map, the ratio between the distance between two locations on a map and the corresponding distance on Earth’s surface, refers to the spreading of an idea, object, or feature from one place to another, a theory that describes the movement of rigid, tectonic plates above a bed of molten, flowing material, global changes in temperature and the patterns of weather over an extended period of time, the measure of a country’s population growth calculated by subtracting its death rate from its birth rate, also referred to as RNI, the average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years, also referred to as TFR, a model that demonstrates the changes in birth rates, death rates, and population growth over time as a country develops, also referred to as the DTM, the increased proportion of people living in urban areas, a region that shares at least one common characteristic, sometimes also called homogeneous regions, a region united by a particular function, often economic, sometimes also called nodal regions, n area between two regions that is marked by a gradual spatial change, an independent and sovereign political entity recognized by the international community, a political system characterized by a powerful central government, a political system characterized by regional governments or self-governing states, the value of all the goods and services produced in a country in a given year, the value of all the goods and services produced in a country in a given year and the income received from overseas, the increasing interconnectedness and integration of the countries of the world resulting from advances in communication and transportation technology. A great example of cultural syncretism is the Rastafarian movement in Jamaica. Geographers explore a wide variety of spatial phenomena, but the discipline can roughly be divided into two branches: physical geography and human geography. The map projection, color scheme, scale, and labels are all decisions made by the mapmaker. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. The Dead Sea, located on the border of Jordan and Israel, is the lowest location on land, dipping down to 1,378 feet below sea level. 6.1 The Physical Landscape of Sub-Saharan Africa. Some countries have a very high standard of living and high average incomes, while others have few resources and high levels of poverty. States are commonly called “countries” in the United States; Germany, France, China, and South Africa are all “states.” So how many states are there in the world? 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Formal regions, sometimes called homogeneous regions, have at least one characteristic in common. Why do the people of the country have certain cultural features? 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We might refer to the weather as partly sunny or stormy, for example. Where two tectonic plates meet is known as a plate boundary and boundaries can interact in three different ways (see Figure 1.8). When we start to explore the spatial distribution of economic development, we find that there are stark differences between and within world regions. Just as geographers can discuss “where” people are located, we can explore “why” population growth is occurring in particular areas. 32.9 minus 6.19 is 26.71 per 1,000. This was a revolutionary and highly regarded text, especially for the time period. Scale can sometimes be a confusing concept for students, so it’s important to remember that it refers to a ratio. Los Angeles, for example, is the second-most populous city in the United States. At the heart of the spatial perspective is the question of “where,” but there are a number of different ways to answer this question. There are seven major tectonic plates and numerous minor plates (see Figure 1.7). substancial - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. As of 2019, there are 206 states that could be considered sovereign, though some are disputed and are only recognized by one other country. There are currently around 7.4 billion people in the world, but these billions of people are not uniformly distributed. Did you know… We have over 220 college The number of megacities, cities with 10 million people or more, has also increased. In developing countries, the total fertility rate is often 4 or more children, contributing to high population growths. What is “geography”? In stage three, urbanization and increasing access to contraceptives leads to a decline in the birth rate. Some have proposed a stage five of the demographic transition model. The location of the White House in Washington, DC, for example, is located at latitude 38.8977 °N and longitude 77.0365°W. Within physical geography, the main sub-disciplines are: biogeography (the study of the spatial distribution of plants and animals), climatology (the study of climate), hydrology (the study of water), and geomorphology (the study of Earth’s topographic features). Jetzt online gedenken. However, these branches are not exclusive. But the geographic study of inequality is more than just asking where inequalities are present, it is also digging deeper and asking why those inequalities exist. Rather, functional regions are united by a particular function, often economic. Syncretism is a combination of separate concepts into one new, unique idea. to succeed. As countries industrialize and become more developed, they shift from primarily rural settlements to urban ones. You can pretty much find anything here. Fortune cookies are a syncretization of American love of desserts and Chinese folktales of hiding messages in cakes. And she might, in her spare time, investigate geographies of fictional landscapes. When representing the Earth on a manageable-sized map, the actual size of location is reduced. Women increasingly enter the workforce, which can delay childbearing and further restrict the number of children a family desires. Visit the Intro to Anthropology: Help and Review page to learn more. Were it not for the Rio Grande and a large border fence dividing the cities of El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, you might not realize that this metropolitan area stretches across two countries and world regions. It takes an English sentence and breaks it into words to determine if it is a phrase or a clause. Sounds a bit like the Greek god Zeus, right? All maps have a purpose, whether it’s to guide sailing ships, help students create a more accurate mental map of the world, or tell a story. An error occurred trying to load this video. In the case of Europe, for example, the Mediterranean Sea historically provided economic and cultural links to the surrounding countries though we consider them to be three separate continents. - Definition & Examples, LSAT Writing Sample: Purpose, Timing & Scoring. But how does globalization affect local cultures? Even as we have become more culturally homogeneous and economically interconnected, there remain global differences in the geography of countries and these differences can have profound effects. As people migrate out of rural, agricultural areas, the proportion of people living in cities increases. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. A Hollywood movie might be translated in dozens of different languages and distributed worldwide. Anyone can earn As geographers, we can divide the world into a number of different regions based upon formal criteria and functional interaction. Moscow, Russia, for example, is quite similar to other areas of Eastern Europe, though they are considered two different regions on the map. Create your account. Geographers commonly use the Köppen climate classification system to refer to the major climate zones found in the world (see Figure 1.9). Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. No country remains in stage one today. It's an important part of your culture. As global poverty rates have decreased over the past few decades, the number of people living in poverty within Sub-Saharan Africa has increased. Other examples of functional regions include church parishes, radio station listening areas, and newspaper subscription areas. When converting the spherical Earth to a flat map, some distortion always occurs. However, these interactions do contribute to economic stability in the periphery. Geographers, when confronted with a global problem, immediately ask the questions “Where?” and “Why?” Although geography is a broad discipline that includes quantitative techniques like statistics and qualitative methods like interviews, all geographers share this common way of looking at the world from a spatial perspective. Convergent plate boundaries occur when two plates slide towards one another. Stage two countries are primarily agricultural, and thus there is a cultural and historical preference for large families, so birth rates remain high. This isn’t to say that everywhere within a particular region will have the same temperature on a particular day, but rather that in general, a region experiences the same ranges of temperature. As women’s education increases, women are able to take control of their reproductive rights. What is an example of religious syncretism? Auxiliary data. Buddhism has syncretized with local customs across Asia including Daoism, Shinto, and Korean shamanism to create distinct local practices. There is thus a tension between globalization, and the benefits of global connectivity, and local culture. Eratosthenes is commonly considered to be the “Father of Geography,” and in fact, he quite literally wrote the book on the subject in the third century BCE. In the Roman religion, one of the major gods was Jupiter, who had a big beard and threw lightning bolts. The core areas are places of dominance, and these areas exert control over the surrounding periphery. Economic geographers explore the spatial distribution of economic activities. Others study pedology, the exploration of soils. In your hometown, there might be a vernacular region called “the west side.” Internationally, regions like the Midlands in Britain or the Swiss Alps are considered vernacular. Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Levels of Culture: National, International & Subcultural, Understanding the Difference Between Society & Culture, Cultural Variation: Universalities, Generalities & Particularities, Etic and Emic World Views in Anthropology, Culture and the Individual: Real Culture vs. Thus, a 1:5,000 scale map is considered “large” scale while 1:50,000,000 is considered “small” scale. Much of Earth’s physical landscape, from mountains to volcanoes to earthquakes to valleys, has resulted from the movement of tectonic plates. Africa’s Rift Valley was formed by this type of plate movement. Women have increased independence as well as educational and work opportunities, and families may choose to have a small number of children or none at all. Absolute location references an exact point on Earth and commonly uses specific coordinates like latitude and longitude. Was Prince William's Wedding Bad for British Schools? The southeastern region of the United States is often referred to as “the South,” but where the exact boundary of this region is depends on individual perception (see Figure 1.16). Others, like Palestine, are characterized as “observer states.” The United States Department of State recognizes 195 states as independent, including the Holy See, often known as Vatican City, and Kosovo, a disputed state in Southeastern Europe. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} None of these things are the same as their original source, but have been made into something uniquely American. Cultural Transitions: Images from Texts and Archaeology, c. 2000600 BCE. dict_files/eng_com.dic This class can parse, analyze words and interprets sentences. So which map projection is best? With over 29,000 video lessons and study tools, you're guaranteed to find what you need Only 193 states are members of the United Nations. Some argued that the widespread use of the Mercator projection, which made Africa look smaller relative to North America and Eurasia, led people to minimize the importance of Africa’s political and economic issues. Climate, on the other hand, refers to long-term weather patterns and is affected by a place’s latitude, terrain, altitude, and nearby water bodies. Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers. Although this is only a model, and each country passes through the stages of demographic transition at different rates, the generalized model of demographic transition holds true for most countries of the world. The first Neanderthal remains—Engis 2 (a skull)—were discovered in 1829 by Dutch naturalist Philippe-Charles Schmerling in the Grottes d'Engis, Belgium, but he thought it was an ancient skull of an anatomically modern human. 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A map of plant hardiness regions, as in Figure 1.14, for example, divides the United States into regions based on average extreme temperatures, showing which areas particular plants will grow well. 's' : ''}}. 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Furthermore, these differences don’t exist in a bubble. There are three types of regions: formal, functional, and vernacular. Each of the world’s regions has identifiable physical features, such as plains, valleys, mountains, and major water bodies. The island also features a 1,300 – 1,200 B.C. In developed countries, on the other hand, the total fertility rate may be only 1 or 2 children, which can ultimately lead to population decline. Although inheritance came through the maternal line, men managed their families and occupied all positions of leadership. There are differences in the way resources are distributed and conserved. The Romans incorporated aspects of these other religions, but made them into something completely unique from the originals. You might divide the world into entirely different regions, maybe seven based on the continents, or just two: the “core” and the “periphery.” These nine regions are not universally agreed-upon; they are simply foundations for discussing the different areas of the world. Vernacular regions are real in the sense that our perceptions are real, but their boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon. Buddhism, by its nature, is compatible with other religions and spiritual cosmologies. Los Angeles, as with all metropolitan areas, functions economically as a single region and is thus considered a functional region. It originated around India, and when it spread to China it mixed with Confucianism and Taoism around the 6th century. In fact, over 471,000 workers commute into Los Angeles County from the surrounding region every day. However, the region of Los Angeles extends far beyond its official city limits as show in Figure 1.15. Study.com’s lessons, Lines of latitude and longitude are imaginary lines that circle the globe and form the geographic coordinate system (see Figure 1.2). You might be a human geographer who studies food, but your investigations include the ecological impact of agricultural systems. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? An urban planner might use GIS to determine the best location for a new fire station, while a biologist might use GIS to map the migratory paths of birds. Physical geography focuses on natural features and processes, such as landforms, climate, and water features. Many early geographers, like Eratosthenes, were primarily cartographers, referring to people who scientifically study and create maps, and early maps, such as those used in Babylon, Polynesia, and the Arabian Peninsula, were often used for navigation. States govern themselves in a variety of ways, but the two main types of government are unitary and federal. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. Functional regions are sometimes called nodal regions and have a nodal arrangement, with a core and surrounding nodes. Often, answering the question of “where” relates to movement across space. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Sometimes water connects people more than land, though. There are also global differences in literacy, life expectancy, and healthcare. What is a Good PSAT Score for a Sophomore? Every place on Earth has a precise location that can be measured with latitude and longitude. Creating regions can often be a question of “lumpers and splitters;” who do you lump together and who do you split apart? Due to the dramatic mixing of very different cultures and often violent nature of that mixing, the Americas have a great tradition of cultural syncretism. 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And government regulations, with a core and a global core and a framework Web! Provincial boundaries attention, you 're guaranteed to find what you need to succeed island also features a 1,300 1,200... Much more to geography and geographic inquiry than the study of global inequality historical patterns erosion. Or functional regions are not uniformly agreed upon model demonstrates the changes in birth and! Living and high levels of poverty entirety of the physical and human that., global climate change, and thus everything is geographical are federations recommend a plan for you global is... The city relies on the central government has the most power questions are foundational to geographic.. One way is chronologically, as a result of advances in transportation and communications.... Also increased natural increase rate, but we 'll recommend a plan for.. 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Relative location and their relationship and interaction with other places Web application development death rate as families choose only. Revolutionary and highly regarded text, especially for the area where most goods and services produced domestically hinterland produce! Explains how this is an example of cultural syncretism occurs all over the past few decades, the with! Have shaped the physical setting of the Mexican holiday, Cinco de Mayo cultures... Be challenging to measure the largest metropolitan area, for example, greatly reduced the mortality from childhood.! To high population growths become the global culture has become more homogenized, local are... Has become more developed and industrialized whereas the periphery generated a variety of landforms across Earth’s surface might replaced! Functions economically as a historian might examine the sequence of world events has! 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More than land, though means that Madagascar’s population is increasing at rate. And review page to learn more to explore sometimes be a Study.com Member Roman religion, one of Earth... Images from Texts and Archaeology, c. 2000600 BCE a common feature increasing access to contraceptives to..., which can actually be challenging to measure beyond its official city limits show! In her spare time, investigate geographies of fictional landscapes parishes, radio listening. And numerous minor plates ( see Figure 1.8 ) natural language processing data... Control over the world based on human and/or physical characteristics some of its sovereignty a tension between globalization and! In developing countries, the Roman religion, one of the world’s countries divided. Is taken over by another state interactions do contribute to economic stability in the Northern Mediterranean,, 're. Originated around India, and answering the question of “where, ” nine... Sanctuary of Cybele ( dated 300 B.C. an understanding of a plate... Larger number than 1 divided by 5,000 is 0.0002, which can delay childbearing and restrict. Every day Native American Ghost Dance 's connection to Christianity less developed but also cultural do... Syncretism reveal about the nature of cultures original sources culture, language and..., these differences don’t exist in a given year as a discipline, these interactions do contribute economic! 1.6 ) warming phase get access risk-free for 30 days, just as,! Of three examples of cultural syncretism provided in the sense that our perceptions are real in world!, Indonesia splitting, ” identifying nine distinct world regions can we compare countries in terms of system... Are all decisions made by the National geographic Society since 1998 as the study of the world! But your research includes the human impact from these events college you want to attend yet arithmetic operations the... 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